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pygmy salamander
The pygmy salamander (or pigmy salamander, ''Desmognathus wrighti'') is a species of salamander in the Plethodontidae family. It is endemic to the United States in the southern Appalachians in North Carolina and Tennessee.
==Abstract==
''Desmognathus wrighti'' is a member of the family Plethodontidae and is commonly known as the pygmy salamander. As the name suggest the pygmy salamander is the smallest of the nineteen species in the genus ''Desmognathus''. ''D. wrighti'' undergoes direct development and does not have a free-living larval stage. Only two other taxa in ''Desmognathus'', ''D. aeneus'' and ''D. organi'', exhibit direct development along with the pygmy salamander.〔Hining, K. J. and R. C. Bruce. 2005. Population structure and life history attributes of syntopic populations of the salamanders ''Desmognathus aeneus'' and ''Desmognathus wrighti'' (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). ''Southeastern Naturalist'', 4(4): 679-688〕 In the genus ''Desmognathus'', body size, habitat preferences, and patterns used by males during courtship are quite variable. ''D. wrighti'' courtship is noted by the male biting and seizing its partner in order to provide them with a chemical stimulus.〔Verrel, P. 1999. Bracketing the extremes: courtship behaviour of the smallest- and largest-bodied species in the salamander genus ''Desmognathus'' (Plethodontidae: Desmognathinae). ''Journal of Zoology'', 247: 105-111.〕 The pygmy salamander can be found in the southern Appalachians of the United States in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Geographical distribution of the ''Desmognathus wrighti'' is fragmented and the highest abundance of the species can be found at high elevations in spruce and fir tree forest.〔Crespi, E. J., R. A. Robert, and L. J. Rissler. 2010. Taxonomic Revision of ''Desmognathus wrighti'' (Caudata: Plethodontidae). ''Herpetologica'', 66(3): 283-295.〕
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